How is "shell shock" defined in the context of artillery operations?

The term "shell shock" specifically refers to a psychological condition resulting from the intense stress and trauma associated with heavy artillery fire. This condition was notably recognized during World War I when soldiers experienced severe mental distress after prolonged exposure to the sounds and effects of artillery bombardments. It encompasses symptoms such as anxiety, nightmares, and other forms of psychological distress that can profoundly affect a soldier's ability to function, both in combat and in daily life.

While injury caused by shell fragments and physical impact from explosions are indeed serious concerns in artillery operations, they are categorized under physical injuries rather than psychological effects. Fatigue from extended operations, while a legitimate aspect of soldiering, does not capture the mental health implications that "shell shock" highlights. Thus, the definition as psychological trauma from heavy artillery fire accurately reflects the historical and medical understanding of the term.