Which method is commonly used to calculate target locations for artillery firing?

Using grid coordinates or polar plots is the most precise and effective method for calculating target locations for artillery firing. This methodology relies on established geographic coordinates to ensure accuracy in targeting. Grid coordinates provide a systematic way of identifying specific locations on a map by dividing the area into squares, enabling gunners to determine the position of targets with respect to known reference points.

Polar plots, on the other hand, utilize angular and distance measurements from a reference point to establish the target's position, which is essential for precise artillery calculations. This method reduces the likelihood of error in aiming and ensures that the munitions land accurately on the designated target.

While using visual estimation, historical data, or aerial surveys can offer supplementary information, they are not as reliable or accurate as employing grid coordinates or polar plots for the crucial task of artillery targeting. Visual estimation can lead to subjective judgments, historical data might not account for changes in the current battlefield, and aerial surveys require additional resources and time.